Articles on various aspects of Alternative Engines can be found in KP1/00, 2/00, 8/01, and 9/01. Moreover, specific Websites may be found by use of search engines e.g., Google and Yahoo. (and not designed specifically as aircraft engines), are listed here. Websites for what are called "Alternative Engines" i.e., those based on automobile, motorcycle, marine engines, etc. The bore, stroke and displacement data have been provided in the same way. An issue that must be considered, then, is the performance and weight data, which probably have been provided by the conversion firm itself. No VW conversions have been type certificated in the US, but some have been certificated in their own countries. Everyone dealing with them must appreciate that they are classified as experimental when they are not type certificated by the governing national authority. In the experimental aircraft community, these engines are generally classified as "Alternative Engines". This is the policy by most of the auto manufacturers whose engines have been adapted and converted for aircraft use. Any company modifying VW auto engines for aircraft use is not affiliated in any way with Volkswagen. It must be borne in mind that Volkswagen does not authorize the use of VW engines or parts by any company, nor do they represent or warrant that their engines are suitable for use in aircraft of any kind. Volkswagen air-cooled, horizontally-opposed, four-cylinder automobile engines have been converted for aircraft use almost since VW production began.
Production of the air-cooled engine versions continued in many parts of the world subsequently, but the principal models, beginning with the Rabbit and Golf had four-cylinder, inline, liquid-cooled engines. All VW auto engines before the mid-1970's had four cylinders, were air-cooled and horizontally-opposed. Development began earlier (for historical references, see here or here).
Vokswagen automobiles have been built by Volkswgen AG of Wolfsburg, Germany since about 1946.
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